Référence:
SPURR, Tim, CHAPLEAU, Robert (2009). Modèle daffectation routière basé sur linformation décrivant les chemins empruntés : application à Montréal, 44e Congrès annuel de lAssociation québécoise du transport et des routes, Montréal |
Type:
Conférence avec publication
Organisme:
Association québécoise du transport et des routes
Retour
Nouvelle recherche
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Résumé
En 1974, en ce même congrès AQTR (Association québécoise des Techniques Routières), M. Jacques Barrière alors directeur du service de la circulation de la Ville de Montréal avait énoncé : « Qui est contre lauto
est contre lHomme!» Aujourdhui, il semble que lHomme se mortifie dans son auto immobile. Dans un tel contexte, la simulation fidèle du comportement des choix et des trajectoires des citoyennes et des citoyens qui adoptent Montréal comme lieu priviligié de manuvres mobilatoires, constitue un défi substantiel auquel on doit attacher une importance capitale.
Pour des fins de rigueur scientifique, le présent résumé est présenté dans une langue étrange, mais adaptée au contexte fort désagréable de la congestion automobile.
This research proposes a new traffic assignment model which was developped in an attempt to address certain questions raised by the conventional approach to the problem. For example: How should road transport supply be represented in a traffic assignment model? How do drivers perceive the different routes available to them? What are the attributes of supply and demand that play an important role in the choice of route? Does a congested road network, in reality, behave according to the prinicple of user-equilibrium? What should a traffic assignment model generate as output?
The model presented here is based on a detailed characterisation of road transport supply and demand. A totally disaggregate analysis of demand is accomplished using the Greater Montreal Origin-Destination survey of 2003. The representation of road infrastructure (supply) is inspired by the modelling approach adopted in public transit planning, where the network is made up of numerous lines, access points and transfer points. Each of these objects has its own attributes describing the level of service offered. In the context of auto traffic, the transport lines are major bridges and freeways. The route choice processes of drivers are calibrated using the partial path information declared by respondents in the OD survey.
The model generates output at the level of the individual vehicle and is, in a sense, microscopic and dynamic as a result. Such an information structure can serve to inform discussions about the distribution of the economic, social and collateral costs and benefits of urban automobile travel. |